Rig Veda on Nature

2 The worlds expand to hirn who from aforetime found light to spread the law of life eternal. 3 When the sage bears his holy wisdom round him, like a car visiting all worlds, the Hero, 4 For glory born be hath come forth to glory: he giveth life and glory to the singers. 5 Stream to us food and vigour, kine and horses: give us broad lights and fill thGods with rapture. 2 As one who rows drives on his boat, he, Gold−hued, sends forth his voice, loosed on the path of Order. 3 Hastening onward like the waves of waters, our holy hymns are pressing nigh to Soma. 4 They drain the stalk, the Steer who dwells on mountains, even as a Bull who decks him on the upland. 5 Sending thy voice out as Director, loosen the Invoker's thought, O Indu, as they cleanse thee.

2 Thou wanderest far, O Indra, through the spheres of light and realms of earth, the region, thou whom m 3 More beautiful than beauty must this seem to me, when the son duly careth for his parents' line. 4 This beauteous place of meeting have I looked upon, where, like milch−cows, the kine order the marria 5 The Pious One hath reached your place before the rest: One only moves victorious with the Rudras' ban 6 He who maintains the Laws of God informed me that thou wast lying hidden in the waters. 7 The stranger asks the way of him who knows it: taught by the skilful guide he travels onward. 8 Even now he breathed: these days hath he remembered. Concealed, he sucked the bosom of his Mother. 9 O Kalasa, all these blessings will we bring them, O Kurusravana, who give rich presents.

2 The Gods infallible all searching found not him, the dear Babe who still is round about us. 3 Because with holy oil the pure Ones, Agni, served thee the very pure three autumn seasons, 4 Making them known to spacious earth and heaven, the holy Ones revealed the powers of Rudra. 5 Nigh they approached, one−minded, with their spouses, kneeling to him adorable paid worship. 6 Soon as the holy beings had discovered the thrice−seven mystic things contained within thee, 7 Thou, Agni, knower of men's works, hast sent us good food in constant course for our subsistence: 8 Knowing the Law, the seven strong floods from heaven, full of good thought, discerned the doors of ric 9 They who approached all noble operations making a path that leads to life immortal, 10 When Gods immortal made both eyes of heaven, they gave to him the gift of beauteous glory. No

2 He who like Savitar the God, true−minded protecteth with his power. all acts of vigour, 3 He who on earth dwells like a king surrounded by faithful friends, like a God all−sustaining, 4 Thee, such, in settlements secure, O Agni, our men serve ever kindled in each dwelling. 5 May thy rich worshippers win food, O Agni, and princes gain long life who bring oblation. 6 The cows of holy law, sent us by Heaven, have swelled with laden udders, loudly lowing; 7 Agni, with thee, soliciting thy favour, the holy Ones have gained glory in heaven. 8 May we and those who worship be the mortals whom thou, O Agni, leadest on to riches. 9 Aided by thee, O Agni, may we conquer steeds with steeds, men with men, heroes with heroes, 10 May these our hymns of praise, Agni, Ordainer, be pleasant to thee in thy heart and spirit.

2 He, Friend of man, most wise, victorious Hero, hears, with far−reaching aid, the singer call him. 3 The lofty axle of thy wheels, O Hero, is not surpassed by heaven and earth in greatness. 4 Strong Lord, thine energies, endowed with vigour, are like the paths of kine converging homeward. 5 One act to−day, another act tomorrow oft Indra makes what is not yet existeni. 6 By song and sacrifice men brought the waters from thee, as from a mountain's ridge, O Indra. 7 That Indra whom nor months nor autumn seasons wither with age, nor fleeting days enfeeble,− 8 Extolled, he bends not to the strong, the steadfast, nor to the bold incited by the Dasyu. 9 Impetuous Speeder through all depth and distance, give strengthening food, thou drinker of the juices. 10 Hasting to help, come hither and protect him, keep him from harm when he is here, O Indra.

2 Like a steed neighing eager for the pasture, when he hath stepped forth from the great enclosure: 3 From thee a Bull but newly born, O Agni, the kindled everlasting flames rise upward. 4 Thou whose fresh lustre o'er the earth advanceth when greedily with thy jaws thy food thou eatest. 5 The men have decked him both at eve and morning, Most Youthful Agni, as they tend a courser. 6 O fair of face, beautiful is thine aspect when, very near at hand, like gold thou gleamest, 7 That we may worship, with your Hail to Agni! with sacrificial cakes and fat oblations, 8 Thine are resistless songs for him who offers, and hero−giving hymns wherewith thou savest; 9 When forth he cometh, like an axe new−sharpened, pure in his form, resplendent in his body, 10 Shine this felicity on us, O Agni: may we attain to perfect understanding.

2 Brightly hath Agni shone by us enkindled: the limits even of darkness were apparent. 3 With hymns the deft priest is about you, Asvins, the eloquent priest attends you now, Nasatyas. 4 When, suppliant for your help, Lovers of Sweetness! I seeking wealth call you to our libation, 5 Bring forward, Asvins, Gods, to its fulfilment my never−wearied prayer that asks for riches. 6 Favour us in these prayers of ours, O Asvins. May we have genial vigour, ne'er to fail us. 7 Lovers of Sweetness, we have brought this treasure to you as 'twere an envoy sent for friendship. 8 With one, the same, intention, ye swift movers, o'er the Seven Rivers hath your chariot travelled. 9 Exhaustless be your bounty to our princes who with their wealth incite the gift of riches, 10 Now hear, O Youthful Twain, mine invocation: come, Asvins, to the home where food aboundeth.

2 Where heroes come together with their banners raised, in the encounter where is naught for us to love, 3 The boundaries of earth were seen all dark with dust: O Indra−Varuna, the shout went up to heaven. 4 With your resistless weapons, Indra−Varuna, ye conquered Bheda and ye gave Sudas your aid. 5 O Indra−Varuna, the wickedness of foes and mine assailants' hatred sorely trouble me. 6 The men of both the hosts invoked you in the fight, Indra and Varuna, that they might win the wealth, 7 Ten Kings who worshipped not, O Indra−Varuna, confederate, in war prevailed not o'er Sudas. 8 O Indra−Varuna, ye gave Sudas your aid when the Ten Kings in battle compassed him about, 9 One of you Twain destroys the Vrtras in the fight, the Other evermore maintains his holy Laws. 10 May Indra, Varuna, Mitra, and Aryaman vouchsafe us glory and great shelter spreading far.

2 High heaven unsupported in space he stablished: he filled the two worlds and the air's mid−region. 3 From front, as 'twere a house, he ruled and measured; pierced with his bolt the fountains of the rivers, 4 Compassing those who bore away Dabhiti, in kindled fire he burnt up all their weapons. 5 The mighty roaring flood he stayed from flowing, and carried those who swam not safely over. 6 With mighty power he made the stream flow upward, crushed with his thunderbolt the car of Usas, 7 Knowing the place wherein the maids were hiding, the outcast showed himself and stood before them. 8 Praised by the Angirases he slaughtered Vala, and burst apart the bulwarks of the mountain. 9 Thou, with sleep whelming Cumuri and Dhuni, slewest the Dasyu, keptest safe Dabhiti. 10 Now let that wealthy Cow of thine, O Indra, yield in return a boon to him who lauds thee.

2 High up in heaven abide the Guerdon−givers: they who give steeds dwell with the Sun for ever. 3 Not from the niggards−for they give not fireely−comes Meed at sacrifice, Gods' satisfaction: 4 These who observe mankind regard oblation as streamy Vayu and light−finding Arka. 5 He who brings Guerdon comes as first invited: chief of the hamlet comes the Guerdon−bearer. 6 They call him Rsi, Brahman, Sama−chanter, reciter of the laud, leader of worship. 7 Guerdon bestows the horse, bestows the bullock, Guerdon bestows, moreover, gold that Rsisters. 8 The liberal die not, never are they ruined: the liberal suffer neither harm nor trouble. 9 First have the liberal gained a fragrant dwelling, and got themselves a bride in fair apparel. 10 They deck the fleet steed for the bounteous giver: the maid adorns herself and waits to meet him. 11 Steeds good at draught convey the liberal giver, and lightly rolling moves the car of Guerdon.

1 THE chanters hymn thee, they who say the word of praise magnify thee. 2 As up he clomb from ridge to ridge and looked upon the toilsome task, 3 Harness thy pair of strong bay steeds, long−maned, whose bodies fill the girths, 4 Come hither, answer thou the song, sing in approval, cry aloud. 5 To Indra must a laud be said, to strengthen him who freely gives, 6 Him, him we seek for friendship, him for riches and heroic might. 7 Easy to turn and drive away, Indra, is spoil bestowed by thee. 8 The heaven and earth contain thee not, together, in thy wrathful mood. 9 Hear, thou whose ear is quick, my call; take to thee readily my songs 10 We know thee mightiest of all, in battles hearer of our cry. 11 O Indra, Son of Kusika, drink our libation with delight. 12 Lover of song, may these our songs on every side encompass thee:

2 What hero hath been made his feast−companion? Who hath been partner in his loving−kindness? 3 How heareth Indra offered invocation? How, hearing, marketh he the invoker's wishes? 4 How doth the priest who laboureth, ever longing, win for himself the wealth which he possesseth? 5 How, and what bond of friendship with a mortal hath the God chosen as this morn is breaking? 6 Is then thy friendship with thy friends most mighty? Thy brotherhood with us, −when may we tell it? 7 About to stay the Indra−less destructive spirit he sharpens his keen arms to strike her. 8 Eternal Law hath varied food that strengthens; thought of eternal Law, removes transgressions. 9 Firm−seated are eternal Law's foundations in its fair form are many splendid beauties. 10 Fixing eternal Law he, too, upholds it swift moves the might of Law and wins the booty. 11 Now, Indra! lauded,− glorified with praises, let power swell high like rivers to the singer.

40 The wave of flowing meath hath wakened up desires: the Steer enrobed in milk plunges into the stream 41 Dear to all life, he sends triumphant praises forth, abundant, bringing offspring, each succeeding day. 42 When days begin, the strong juice, lovely, golden−hued, is recognized by wisdom more and more each 43 They balm him, balm him over balm him thoroughly, caress the mighty strength and balm it with the 44 Sing forth to Pavamana skilled in holy song: the juice is flowing onward like a mighty stream. 45 Dweller in floods, King, foremost, he displays his might, set among living things as measurer of days. 46 Loosed is the heavens! support, the uplifted cheering juice: the triply−mingled draught flows round int 47 Thy strearns that flow forth rapidly collected run over the fine fleece of the sheep as thou art cleansed. 48 Winner of' power, flow, Soma, worthy of our laud: run onward to the fleece as well−beloved meath.

2 Tanunapat, fair−tongued, with sweet meath balming the paths and waysof Order, make them pleasant. 3 Invoked, deserving prayer and adoration, O Agni, come accordant with the Vasus. 4 By rule the Sacred Grass is scattered eastward, a robe to clothe this earth when dawns are breaking. 5 Let the expansive Doors be widely opened, like wives who deck their beauty for their husbands. 6 Pouring sweet dews let holy Night and Morning, each close to each, he seated at their station, 7 Come the two first celestial sweet−voiced Hotars, arranging sacrifice for man to worship 8 Let Bharati come quickly to our worship, and Ila showing like a human being. 9 Hotar more skilled in sacrifice, bring hither with speed to−day God Tvastar, thou who knowest. 10 Send to our offerings which thyself thou balmest the Companies of Gods in ordered season. 11 Agni, as soon as he was born, made ready the sacrifice, and was the Gods' preceder.

2 Giver of horses, Indra, giver, thou, of kine, giver of barley, thou art Lord and guard of wealth: 3 Indra, most splendid, powerful, rich in mighty deeds, this treasure spread around is known to be thine o 4 Well pleased with these bright flames and with these Soma drops, take thou away our poverty with seed 5 Let us obtain, O Indra, plenteous wealth and food, with strength exceeding glorious, shining to the sky: 6 These our libations strength−inspiring, Soma draughts, gladdened thee in the fight with Vrtra, Hero Lor 7 Thou goest on from fight to fight intrepidly, destroying castle after castle here with strength. 8 Thou hast struck down in death Karanja, Parnaya, in Atithigva's very glorious going forth. 9 With all−outstripping chariot−wheel, O Indra, thou far−famed, hast overthrown the twice ten Kings of 10 Thou hast protected Susravas with succour, and Turvayana with thine aid, O Indra 11 May we protected by the Gods hereafter remain thy very prosperous friends, O In

2 Without whom naught exists, Indra the Lofty One; in whom alone all powers heroic are combined. 3 Not by both worlds is thine own power to be surpassed, nor may thy car be stayed by mountains or by s 4 For all men bring their will to him the Resolute, to him the Holy One, to him the Strong they cleave. 5 The vessel of the strong flows forth, the flood of meath, unto the Strong who feeds upon the strong, for 6 Strong is thy thunderbolt, yea, and thy car is strong; strong are thy Bay Steeds and thy weapons powerfu 7 I, bold by prayer, come near thee in thy sacred rites, thee like a saving ship, thee shouting in the war. 8 Turn thee unto us ere calamity come nigh, as a cow full of pasture turns her to her calf. 9 Now let that wealthy Cow of thine, O Indra, yield in return a boon to him who lauds thee.

3 When out of strength arose the strength that conquers, Indra displayed all powers that he possesses. 5 When heroes sang their laud to thee the Hero, Indra! and stones and Aditi accordant, 6 I will declare thine exploits wrought aforetime, and, Maghavan, thy deeds of late achievement, 7 This is thy deed, e'en this, Wonderful! Singer! that, slaying Ahi, here thy strength thou showedst, 8 Thou, Indra, on the farther bank forYadu and Turvaga didst stay the gushing waters. 9 Let the steeds bring you both, Indra and Kutsa, borne on the chariot within hearing−distance. 10 Even this sage hath come looking for succour even to Vata's docile harnessed horses. 11 When night was near its close he carried forward e'en the Sun's chariot backward in its running. 12 This Indra, O ye men, hath come to see you, seeking a friend who hath expressed the Soma. 13 Let mortals who were happy still be happy; let them not come to sorrow, O Immortal.

2 Our sires of old,. Navagvas, sages seven, while urging him to show his might, extolled him, 3 We seek that Indra to obtain his riches that bring much food, and men, and store of heroes. 4 Tell thou us this, if at thy hand aforetime the earlier singers have obtained good fortune, 5 He who for car−borne Indra, armed with thunder, hath a hymn, craving, deeply−piercing, fluent, 6 Strong of thyself, thou by this art hast shattered, with thought−swift Parvata, him who waxed against th 7 Him will we fit for you with new devotion, the strongest Ancient One, in ancient manner. 8 Thou for the people who oppress hast kindled the earthly firmament and that of heaven. 9 Of all the Heavenly Folk, of earthly creatures thou art the King, O God of splendid aspect. 10 Give us confirmed prosperity, O Indra, vast and exhaustless for the foe's subduing. 11 Come with thy team which brings all blessings hither, Disposer, much−invoked, exceeding holy.

2 The God, intelligent, the speedy envoy whom thou hast sent hath come to me, Devapi: 3 Within my mouth, Brhaspati, deposit speech lucid, vigorous, and free from weakness, 4 Let the sweet drops descend on us, O Indra: give us enough to lade a thousand wagons. 5 Knowing the God's good−will, Devapi, Rsi, the son of Rstisena, sate as Hotar. 6 Gathered together in that highest ocean, the waters stood by deities obstructed. 7 When as chief priest for Santanu, Devapi, chosen for Hotar's duty, prayed beseeching, 8 O Agni whom Devapi Arstisena, the mortal man, hath kindled in his glory, 9 All ancient Rsis with their songs approached thee, even thee, O Much−invoked, at sacrifices. 10 The wagon−loads, the nine−and−ninety thousand, these have been offered up to thee, O Agni. 11 Give thou these ninety thousand loads, O Agni, to Indra, to the Bull, to be his portion. 12 O Agni, drive afar our foes, our troubles chase malady away and wicked demons.

1 HIS bright rays bear him up aloft, the God who knoweth all that lives, 2 The constellations pass away, like thieves, together with their beams, 3 His herald rays are seen afar refulgent o'er the world of men, 4 Swift and all beautiful art thou, O Surya, maker of the light, 5 Thou goest to the hosts of Gods, thou comest hither to mankind, 6 With that same eye of thine wherewith thou lookest brilliant Varuna, 7 Traversing sky and wide mid−air, thou metest with thy beams our days, 8 Seven Bay Steeds harnessed to thy car bear thee, O thou farseeing One, 9 Surya hath yoked the pure bright Seven, the daughters of the car; with these, 10 Looking upon the loftier light above the darkness we have come 11 Rising this day, O rich in friends, ascending to the loftier heaven, 12 To parrots and to starlings let us give away my yellowness, 13 With all his conquering vigour this Aditya hath gone up on high,

2 Come to us with your chariot triple seated, three−wheeled, of triple form, that rolleth lightly. 3 With your well−rolling car, descending swiftly, hear this the press−stone's song, ye Wonder−Workers. 4 O Asvins, let your falcons bear you hither, yoked to your chariot, swift, with flying pinions, 5 The youthful Daughter of the Sun, delighting in you, ascended there your chariot, Heroes. 6 Ye raised up Vandana, strong WonderWorkers! with great might, and with power ye rescued Rebha. 7 To Atri, cast down to the fire that scorched him, ye gave, O Asvins, strengthening tbod and favour. 8 For ancient Sayti in his sore affliction ye caused his cow to swell with milk, O Asvins. 9 A white horse, Asvins, ye bestowed on Pedu, a serpent−slaying steed sent down by Indra, 10 Such as ye are, O nobly horn, O Heroes, we in our trouble call on you for succour. 11 Come unto us combined in love, Nasatyas come with the fresh swift vigour of the fal

2 To be invoked and hymned in fight with Vrtra, that well−praised Indra gives us real bounties. 3 Him, verily, the men invoke in combat; risking their lives they make him their protector, 4 Strong God! the folk at need put forth their vigour, striving together in the whirl of battle. 5 Hence many a one worships the might of Indra: hence let the brew succeed the meal−oblation. 6 Indra gives comfort to the man who truly presses, for him who longs fot it, the Soma, 7 He who this day for Indra presses Soma, prepares the brew and fries the grains of barley− 8 When the impetuous chief hath sought the confliet, and the lord looked upon the long−drawn battle, 9 He bid a small price for a thing of value: I was content, returning, still unpurchased. 10 Who for ten milch−kine purchaseth from rne this Indra who is mine? 11 Now, Indra! lauded, glorified with praises, let wealth swell high like rivers for the singer.

2 Surya hath spread his light as splendour: hither came the Cows' Mother, conscious, from the stable, 3 This laud hath won the burden of the mountain. To aid the ancient birth of mighty waters 4 With hymns and God−loved words will I invoke you, Indra and Agni, to obtain your favour, 5 This day approach us: may our thoughts be holy, far from us let us cast away misfortune. 6 Come, let us carry out, O friends, the purpose wherewith the Mother threw the Cow's stall open, 7 Here, urged by hands, loudly hath rung the press−stone wherewith Navagvas through ten months sang 8 When at the dawning of this mighty Goddess, Angirases all sang forth with the cattle,− 9 Borne by his Coursers Seven may Surya visit the field that spreadeth wide for his long journey. 10 Surya hath mounted to the shining ocean when he hath yoked his fair−backed Tawny Horses. 11 I lay upon the Floods your hymn, lightwinning, wherewith Navagvas their ten months completed.

2 May he who goes before the Gods come hither with steeds whose shapes are varied, Narasarhsa. 3 Men with oblations laud most constant Agni, and pray him to perform an envoy's duty. 4 May the delight of Gods spread out transversely: may it be with us long in length and fragrant. 5 Touch ye the far−extending height of heaven or spring apart to suit the wide earth's measure. 6 Here in this shrine may Dawn and Night, the Daughters of Heaven, the skilful Goddesses, be seated. 7 Up stands the stone, high burns the fire enkindled: Aditi's lap contains the Friendly Natures 8 On our wide grass, Three Goddesses be seated: for you have we prepared and made it pleasant. 9 Since thou, God Tvastar, hast made beauty perfect, since hou hast been the Angirases' Companion, 10 Well−knowing, binding with thy cord, bring hither, Lord of the Wood, the Deities' assembly. 11 Agni, bring hither Varuna to help us, Indra from heaven, from air's mid−realm the Maruts.

2 O Indra, drink the Soma juice pressed out with stones. poured from the reservoir, as an ox drinks the spr 3 He found the treasure brought from heaven that lay concealed, close−hidden, like the nestling of a bird, 4 Grasping his thunderbolt with both hands, Indra made its edge most keen, for hurling, like a carving−kn 5 Thou, Indra, without effort hast let loose the floods to run their free course down, 6 Eager for riches, men have formed for thee this song, like as a skilful craftsman fashioneth a car, so hav 7 For Puru thou hast shattered, Indra ninety forts, for Divodasa thy boon servant with thy bolt, O Dancer, 8 Indra in battles help his Aryan worshipper, he who hath hundred helps at hand in every fray, in frays tha 9 Waxed strong in might at dawn he tore the Sun's wheel off. Bright red, he steals away their speech, the 10 Lauded with our new hymns, O vigorous in deed, save us with strengthening help, thou Shatterer of th

2 To us may all the Gods come trooped together, Aryaman, Mitra, Varuna concordant, 3 Agni I sing, the guest you love most dearly: the Conqueror through our lauds is friendly−minded. 4 To you I seek with reverence, Night and Morning, like a cow good to milk, with hope to conquer, 5 May the great Dragon of the Deep rejoice us: as one who nourishes her young comes Sindhu, 6 Moreover Tvastar also shall approach us, one−minded with the princes at his visit. 7 Him too our hymns delight, that yoke swift horses, like mother cows who lick their tender youngling. 8 So may the Maruts, armed with mighty weapons, rest here on heaven and earth with hearts in concord, 9 They hasten on to happy termination their orders when they are made known by 10 Incline the Asvins to show grace, and Pusan, for power and might have they, their own possession. 11 This is my reverent thought of you, ye Holy; may it inspire you, make you dwell among us,−

2 Moving to sacrifice through realms of lustre they light the radiance of the car that bears them. 3 Ye to that bounteous path of yours, ye mighty, have ever borne away our thoughts with horses, 4 So ye, when ye have yoked your chariothorses, come to the hymn of the most recent singer. 5 With newest hymn I call those Wonder−Workers, ancient and brilliant, and exceeding mighty, 6 So ye, with birds, out of the sea and waters bore Bhujyu, son of Tugra, through the regions. 7 Victors, car−borne, ye rent the rock asunder: Bulls, heard the calling of the eunuch's consort. 8 Whate'er from olden time, Heaven, Earth! existeth great object of the wrath of Gods and mortals, 9 May he who knows, as Varuna and Mitra, air's realm, appointing both the Kings in season, 10 Come to our home with friendly wheels, for offipring; come on your radiant chariot rich in heroes. 11 Come hitherward to us with teams of horses, the highest and the midmost and the lowest.

2 I should be fain, O Lord of Power, to strengthen and enrich the sage, 3 To worshippers who press the juice thy goodness, Indra, is a cow 4 None is there, Indra, God or man, to hinder thy munificence, 5 The sacrifice made Indra strong when he unrolled the earth, and made 6 Thine aid we claim, O Indra, thine who after thou hast waxen great 7 In Soma's ecstasy Indra spread the firmament and realms of light, 8 Showing the hidden he drave forth the cows for the Angirases, 9 By Indra were the lumirious realms of heaven established and secured, 10 Indra, thy laud moves quickly like a joyous wave of water−floods: 11 For thou, O Indra, art the God whom hymns and praises magnify: 12 Let the two long−maned Bay Steeds bring Indra to drink the Soma juice, 13 With waters' foam thou torest off, Indra, the head of Namuci, 14 The Dasyus, when they fain would climb 15 As Soma−drinker conquering all, thou scatteredst to every side

2 Butter is that which makes Vadhryaiva's fire growstrong: the butter is its food, the butter makes it fat. 3 Still newest is this face of thine, O Agni, which Manu and Sumitra have enkindled. 4 Accept this offering, Agni, whom aforetime Vadhryasva, hath entreated and enkindled. 5 Be splendid, guard us Kinsman of Vadhryasva: let not the enmity of men o'ercome thee, 6 All treasures hast thou won, of plains and mountains, and quelled the Dasas' and Aryas' hatred. 7 Deft Agni hath a lengthened thread, tall oxen, a thousand heifers, numberless devices. 8 Thine is the teeming cow, O Jatavedas, who pours at once her ceaseless flow, Sabardhuk, 9 Even Immortal Gods, O Jatavedas, Vadhryasva's Kinsman, have declared thy grandeur. 10 Like as a father bears his son, O Agni, Vadhryasva bare thee in his lap and served thee. 11 Vadhryasva's Agni evermore hath vanquished his foes with heroes who had pressed the Soma. 12 This Agni of Vadhryasva, Vrtra−slayer, lit from of old, must be invoked with homage.

2 Be gracious unto us, O Rudra, bring us joy: thee, Lord of Heroes, thee with reverence will we serve. 3 By worship of the Gods may we, O Bounteous One, O Rudra, gain thy grace, Ruler of valiant men. 4 Hither we call for aid the wise, the wanderer, impetuous Rudra, perfecter of sacri fice. 5 Him with the braided hair we call with reverence down, the wild−boar of the sky, the red, the dazzling 6 To him the Maruts' Father is this hymn addressed, to strengthen Rudra's might, a song more sweet than 7 O Rudra, harm not either great or small of us, harm not the growing boy, harm not the full−grown man. 8 Harm us not, Rudra, in our seed and progeny, harm us not in the living, nor in cows or steeds, 9 Even as a herdsman I have brought thee hymns of praise: O Father of the Maruts, give us happiness, 10 Far be thy dart that killeth men or cattle: thy bliss be with us, O thou Lord of Heroes. Be graci

2 Directed unto thee my spirit never strays, for I have set my hopes on thee, O Much−invoked! 3 From indigence and hunger Indra turns away: Maghavan hath dominion over precious wealth. 4 As on the fair−leafed tree rest birds, to Indra flow the gladdening Soma juices that the bowls contain. 5 As in the game a gambler piles his winnings, so Maghavan, sweeping all together, gained the Sun 6 Maghavan came by turns to all the tribes of men: the Steer took notice of the people's songs of praise. 7 When Soma streams together unto Indra flow like waters to the river, rivulets to the lake, 8 He rushes through the region like a furious Bull, he who hath made these floods the dames of worthy lor 9 Let the keen axe come forth together with the light: here be,.as erst, the teeming cow of sacrifice. 10 O Much−invoked, may we subdue all famine and evil want with store of grain and cattle. 11 Brhaspati protect us from the rearward, and from above, and from below, from sinners.

2 Firm−seated is thy car, thy Steeds are docile; thy hand, O King, holds, firmly grasped, the thunder. 3 Let strong and mighty Steeds who bear this Mighty Indra, the Lord of men, whose arm wields thunder, 4 So like a Bull thou rushest to the Lord who loves the trough, the Sage, the prop of vigour, in the vat, 5 May precious treasures come to us−so will I pray. Come to the votary's gift offered with beauteous laud. 6 Far went our earlist invocation of the Gods, and won us glories that can never be surpassed. 7 So be the others, evil−hearted, far away, whose horses, difficult to harness, have been yoked. 8 He firmly fixed the plains and mountains as they shook. Dyaus thundered forth and made the air's 9 I bear this deftly−fashioned goad of thine, wherewith thou, Maghavan, shalt break the strikers with the 10 O Much−invoked, may we subdue all famine and evil want with store of grain and cattle. 11 Brhaspati protect us from the rearward, and from above, and from below, from sinners.

2 As there ye, Mitra, Varuna, above the true have taken to yourselves the untrue with your mind, with 3 Asvins, the pious call you with their hymns of praise, sounding their loud song forth to you, these living 4 Well is it known, O Mighty Ones: ye open heaven; for you the chariotsteeds are yoked for morning rites 5 O Rich in Strength, through your great power vouchsafe us blessings day and night. 6 These Soma−drops, strong Indra! drink for heroes, poured, pressed out by pressing−stones, are welling 7 Quickly, O Agni, hear us: magnified by us thou shalt speck for us to the Gods adorable yea, to the King 8 Ne'er may these manly deeds of yours for us grow old, never may your bright glories fall into decay, ne 9 Dadhyac of old, Anigiras, Priyamedha these, and Kanva, Atri, Manu knew my birth, yea, tbose of ancie 10 Let the Invoker bless: let offerers bring choice gifts; Brhaspati the Friend doth sacrifice with Steers, St 11 O ye Eleven Gods whose home is heaven, O ye Eleven who make earth your dwelling,

2 She with her might, like one who digs for lotus−stems, hath burst with her strong waves the ridges of th 3 Thou castest down, Sarasvati, those who scorned the Gods, the brood of every Brsaya skilled in magic a 4 May the divine Sarasvati, rich in her wealth, protect us well, 5 Whoso, divine Sarasvati, invokes thee where the prize is set, 6 Aid us, divine Sarasvad, thou who art strong in wealth and power 7 Yea, this divine Sarasvati, terrible with her golden path, 8 Whose limitless unbroken flood, swift−moving with a rapid rush, 9 She hath spread us beyond all foes, beyond her Sisters, Holy One, 10 Yea, she most dear amid dear stream, Seven−sistered, graciously inclined, 11 Guard us from hate Sarasvati, she who hath filled the realms of earth, 12 Seven−sistered, sprung from threefold source, the Five Tribes' prosperer, she must be 13 Marked out by majesty among the Mighty Ones, in glory swifter than the other rapid Streams, 14 Guide us, Sarasvati, to glorious treasure: refuse us not thy milk, nor spurn us from thee.

2 Who for the Fivefold People's take hath seated him in every home 3 On all sides may that Agni guard our household folk and property; 4 I have begotten this new hymn for Agni, Falcon of the sky: 5 Whose lories when he glows in front of sacrite are fair to see, 6 May he enjoy this hallowed gift, Agni accept our songs, who bears 7 Lord of the house, whom men must seek, we set thee down, O Worshipped Onel 8 Shine forth at night and morn: through thee with fires are we provided well. 9 The men come near thee for their gain, the singers with their songs of praise: 10 Bright, Purifier, meet for praise, Immortal with refulgent glow, 11 As such, bring us abundant wealth, young Child of Strength, for this thou canst 12 Thou, Agni, givest hero fame: Bhaga and Savitar the God, 13 Agni, preserve us from distress: consume our enemies, O God, 14 And, irresistible, be thou a mighty iron fort to us, 15 Do thou preserve us, eve and morn, from sorrow, from the wicked men,

2 Indra, who with triumphant wrath smote Vyamsa down, and Sambara, and Pipru the unrighteous one; 3 He whose great work of manly might is heaven and earth, and Varuna and Surya keep his holy law; 4 He who is Lord and Master of the steeds and kine, honoured −the firm and sure− at every holy act; 5 He who is Lord of all the world that moves and breathes, who for the Brahman first before all found the 6 Whom cowards must invoke and valiant men of war, invoked by those who conquer and by those who f 7 Refulgent in the Rudras' region he proceeds, and with the Rudras through the wide space speeds the Da 8 O girt by Maruts, whether thou delight thee in loftiest gathering−place or lowly dwelling, 9 We, fain for thee, strong Indra, have pressed Soma, and, O thou sought with prayer, have made oblation 10 Rejoice thee with thine own Bay Steeds, O Indra, unclose thy jaws and let thy lips be open. 11 Guards of the camp whose praisers are the Maruts, may we through Indra, get ourselves the booty.

2 To Indra from all sides go forth my songs of praise, the Lord of Hundred Powers, strong, Hero, like the 3 Where battle's spoil is piled the singer winneth praise, for Indra taketh care of matchless worshippers. 4 Thee, valorous, most heroic of the heroes, shall the priests glorify with songg and praises. 5 Abundant are the gifts he gives to mortals: for him the earth bears a rich store of treasures. 6 To thee, O Indra, Lord of Bays, for ever are offered prayers and songs: accept them gladly. 7 Here, Indra, drink thou Soma with the Maruts, as thou didst drink the juice beside Saryata. 8 So eagerly desirous drink the Soma, our juice, O Indra, with thy friends the Maruts, 9 He was your comrade in your zeal, O Maruts: they, rich in noble gifts, rejoiced in Indra. 10 So, Lord of affluent gifts, this juice hath been pressed for thee with strength 11 Incline thy body to this juice which suits thy Godlike nature well: 12 Brave Indra, let it work through both thy flanks, and through thy head by prayer,

2 Honour that Indra, Puruhanman! for his aid, in whose sustaining hand of old, 3 No one by deed attains to him who works and strengthens evermore: 4 The potent Conqueror, invincible in war, him at whose birth the Mighty Ones, 5 O Indra, if a hundred heavens and if a hundred earths were thine− 6 Thou, Hero, hast performed thy hero deeds with might, yea, all with strength, O Strongest One. 7 Let not a godless mortal gain this food, O thou whose life is long! 8 Urge ye the Conqueror to give, your Indra greatly to be praised, 9 O Vasu, O thou Hero, raise us up to ample opulence. 10 Indra, thou justifiest us, and tramplest down thy slanderers. 11 The man who brings no sacrifice, inhuman, godless, infidel, 12 O Mightiest Indra, loving us, gather thou up, as grains of corn, 13 O my companions, wish for power. How may we perfect Sara's praise, 14 By many a sage whose grass is trimmed thou art continually praised, 15 The noble, Suradeva's son, hath brought a calf, led by the car to three of us.

2 Unto the great bring ye great adoration, a chant with praise to him exceeding mighty, 3 When Indra and the Angirases desired it, Sarama found provision for her offipring. 4 Mid shout, loud shout, and roar, with the Navagvas, seven singers, hast thou, heavenly, rent the mountai 5 Praised by Angirases, thou, foe−destroyer, hast, with the Dawn, Sun, rays, dispellcd the darkness. 6 This is the deed most worthy of all honour, the fairest marvel of the Wonder−Worker, 7 Unwearied, won with lauding hymns, he parted of old the ancient Pair, united ever. 8 Still born afresh, young Dames, each in her manner, unlike in hue, the Pair in alternation 9 Rich in good actions, skilled in operation, the Son with might maintains his perfect friendship. 10 Their paths, of old connected, rest uninjured; they with great might preserve the immortal statutes. 11 Thoughts ancient, seeking wealth, with adoration, with newest lauds have sped to thee, O Mighty. 12 Strong God, the riches which thy hands have holden from days of old have perished not nor wasted. 13 O mighty Indra, Gotama's son Nodhas hath fashioned this new prayer to thee Eternal,

2 I praise that Indra, known to all men, honoured with songs, extolled with hymns at sacrifices, 3 He hath made pathways, with the Sun to aid him, throughout the darkness that extended pathless. 4 And he who did these things, where is that Indra? among what tribes? what people doth he visit? 5 Yea, here were they who, born of old, have served thee, thy friends of ancient time, thou active Worker. 6 Inquiring after him, thy later servants, Indra, have gained thy former old traditions. 7 The demon's strength is gathered fast against thee: great as that strength hath grown, go forth to meet it. 8 Hear, too, the prayer of this thy present beadsman, O Indra, Hero, cherishing the singer. 9 Bring to our help this day, for our protection, Varuna, Mitra, Indra, and the Maruts, 10 The singers here exalt with hymns and praises thee who art very Mighty and Most Holy. 11 Now to my words come quickly thou who knowest, O Son of Strength, with all who claim our worship 12 On good and evil ways be thou our Leader, thou who art known to all as Path−preparer.

2 O Pavamana, urge us forward in the fight thou art the vigour of the Gods, the well−loved drink. 3 Unharmed, best Cheerer, thou, O Indu, flowest on: thou, even thou thyself, art Indra's noblest food. 4 Wondrous, with hundred streams, hymned in a thousand songs, Indu pours out for Indra his delightrul 5 Roaring within the beaker thou art balmed with milk: thou passest through the fleecy filter all at once. 6 Flow onward sweet of flavour for the Heavenly Race, for Indra sweet, whose name is easily invoked: 7 Ten rapid fingers deck the Courser in the jar: with hymns the holy singers send their voices forth. 8 While thou art purified pour on us hero strength, great, far−extended shelter, spacious pasturage. 9 The Steer who sees afar hath risen above the sky: the Sage hath caused the lights of heaven to give their 10 High in the vault of heaven, unceasing, honey−tongued, the Loving Ones drain out the mountain−haun 11 The Loving Ones besought with many voices the Eagle who had flown away to heaven. 12 High to heaven's vault hath the Gandharva risen, beholding all his varied forms and figures.

2 Even as the power of Dyaus, to thee, O Indra, all Asura sway was by the Gods entrusted, 3 Indra, Strong, Victor, Mightier than the mighty, addressed with prayer and perfect in his splendour, 4 There, Indra, while the light was won, the Panis f1ed, 'neath a hundred blows, for wise Dasoni, 5 What time the thunder fell and Susna perished, all life's support from the great Druh was taken. 6 As the Hawk rent for him the stalk that gladdens, he wrenched the head from Namuci the Dasa. 7 Thou, thunder−armed, with thy great might hast shattered Pipru's strong forts who knew the wiles of 8 The crafty Vetasu, the swift Dasni, and Tugra speedily with all his servants, 9 Resistless, with the hosts he battles, bearing in both his arms the Vrtra−slaying thunder. 10 May we, O Indra, gain by thy new favour: so Parus laud thee, with their sacrifices, 11 Favouring Usana the son of Kavi, thou wast his ancient strengthener, O Indra. 12 Thou, roaring Indra, drovest on the waters that made a roaring sound like rushing rivers, 13 This Indra, was thy work in war: thou sentest Dhuni and Cumuri to sleep and slumber.

2 Indra aids him who offers sacrifice and gifts: he takes not what is his, and gives him more thereto. 3 These are ne'er lost, no robber ever injures them: no evil−minded foe attempts to harass them. 4 The charger with his dusty brow o'ertakes them not, and never to the shambles do they take their way. 5 To me the Cows seem Bhaga, they seem Indra, they seem a portion of the first−poured Soma. 6 O Cows, ye fatten e'en the worn and wasted, and make the unlovely beautiful tolook on. 7 Crop goodly pasturage and be prolific drink pure sweet water at good drinking places. 8 Now let this close admixture be close intermigled with these Cows, 2 Him to whose hand, men closely cling, and drivers stand on his golden chariot firmly stationed. 3 Thy devotees embrace thy feet for glory. Bold, thunder−armed, rich, through thy strength, in guerdon, 4 That Soma when effused hath best consistence, for which the food is dressed and grain is mingled; 5 No limit of thy might hath been appointed, which by its greatness sundered earth and heaven. 6 So be the lofty Indra prompt to listen, Helper unaided, golden−visored Hero.

2 As such, O Wonderful, whose hand holds thunder, praised as mighty, Caster of the Stone! 3 We call upon that Indra, who, most active, ever slays the foe: 4 Rcisama, thou forcest men as with a bull, with anger, in the furious fray. 5 O Indra, bring us name and fame, enriching, mightiest, excellent, 6 We call on thee, O King, Mighty amid the Gods, Ruler of men, to succour us. 7 All strength and valour that is found, Indra, in tribes of Nahusas, and all the splendid fame that the Five 8 Or, Maghavan, what vigorous strength in Trksi lay, in Druhyus or in Paru's folk, 9 O Indra, grant a happy home, a triple refuge triply strong. 10 They who with minds intent on spoil subdue the foe, boldly attack and smite him down,− 11 And now, O Indra, strengthen us: come near and aid us in the fight, 12 Give us, where heroes strain their bodies in the fight, the shelter that our fathers loved. 13 When, Indra, in the mighty fray thou urgest chargers to their speed, 14 Speeding like rivers rushing down a steep descent, responsive to the urging call,

2 Him who with might of both his arms brake nine−and−ninety castles down, 3 This Indra is our gracious Friend. He sends us in a full broad stream 4 Whatever, Vrtra−slayer! thou, Surya, hast risen upon to−day, 5 When, Mighty One, Lord of the brave, thou thinkest thus, I shall not die, 6 Thou, Indra, goest unto all Soma libations shed for thee, 7 We make this Indra very strong to strike the mighty Vrtra dead: 8 Indra was made for giving, set, most mighty, o'er the joyous draught. 9 By song as 'twere, the powerful bolt which none may parry was prepared 10 Indra, Song−lover, lauded, make even in the wilds fair ways for us, 11 Thou whose commandment and behest of sovran sway none disregards, 12 And both these Goddesses, Earth, Heaven, Lord of the beauteous helm! revere 13 Thou in the black cows and the red and in the cows with spotted skin 14 When in their terror all the Gods shrank from the Dragon's furious might, 15 Then he was my Defender, then, Invincible, whose foe is not, 16 Him your best Vrtra−slayer, him the famous Champion of mankind 17 To come, Much−lauded!

2 Bring swift, for offering, the snare that suits the time, to the pure−drinker Vayu, roaring as he goes, 3 May Savitar the God send us full life, to each who sacrifices, lives aright and pours the juice 4 May Indra evermore be gracious unto us, and may King Soma meditate our happiness, 5 Indra hath given the body with its song and strength: Brhaspati, thou art the lengthener of life. 6 Indra possesseth might celestial nobly formed: the singer in the hotise is Agni, prudent Sage. 7 Not often have we sinned against you secretly, nor, Vasus, have we openly provoked the Gods. 8 May Savitar remove from us our malady, and may the Mountains keep it far away from where 9 Ye Vasus, let the stone, the presser stand erect: avert all enmities and keep them far remote. 10 Eat strength and fatness in the pasture, kine, who are balmed at the reservoir and at the seat of Law. 11 The singer fills the spirit: all mens, love hath he. Indra takes kindly care of those who pour the juice. 12 Wondrous thy spirit−filling light, triumpliant; thy hosts save from decay and are resistless.

2 This Steed which Yama gave hath Trita harnessed, and him, the first of all, hath Indra mounted. 3 Yama art thou, O Horse; thou art Aditya; Trita art thou by secret operation. 4 Three bonds, they say, thou hast in heaven that bind thee, three in the waters, 5 Here−, Courser, are the places where they groomed thee, here are the traces of thy hoofs as winner. 6 Thyself from far I recognized in spirit,−a Bird that from below flew through the heaven. 7 Here I beheld thy form, matchless in glory, eager to win thee food at the Cow's station. 8 After thee, Courser, come the car, the bridegroom, the kine come after, and the charm of maidens. 9 Horns made of gold hath he: his feet are iron: less fleet than he, though swift as thought, is Indra. 10 Symmetrical in flank, with rounded haunches, mettled like heroes, the Celestial Coursers 11 A body formed for flight hast thou, O Charger; swift as the wind in motion is thy spirit. 12 The strong Steed hath come forward to the slaughter, pondering with a mind directed God−ward. 13 The Steed is come unto the noblest mansion, is come unto his Father and his Mother.

27 True undeniabIc strength he found in Yadu and in Turvasa, 28 Him have I magnified, our Lord in, common, Guardian of your folk, 29 Rbhuksan, not to be restrained, who strengthened Tugra's son in lauds, 30 Who for Trisoka clave the hill that formed a wide receptacle, 31 Whate'er thy plan or purpose be, whate'er, in transport, thou wouldst do, 32 But little hath been heard of done upon the earth by one like thee i 33 Thine then shall be this high renown, thine shall these lofty praises be, 34 Not for one trespass, not for two, O Hero, slay us, nor for three, 35 I fear one powerful like thee, the crusherdown of enemies, 36 O wealthy God, ne'er may I live to see my friend or son in need*: 37 What friend, O people, unprovoked, hath ever said unto a friend, 38 Hero, insatiate enjoy this Soma juice so near to thee, 39 Hither I draw those Bays of thine yoked 40 Drive all our enemies away, smite down the foes who press around, 41 O Tndra, that which is concealed in strong firm place precipitous: 42 Great riches which the world of men shall recognize as sent by thbe:

2 Honoured with sacrifice or with the worship of the sages' hymns, 3 Yea, the strong man to whom ye have vouchsafed to give a sage, shall move 4 Upon this hero's sacred grass Soma is poured in daily rites: 5 Let the strong Maruts hear him, him surpassing all men: strength be his 6 For, through the swift Gods' loving help, in many an autumn, Maruts, we 7 Fortunate shall that mortal be, O Maruts most adorable, 8 O Heroes truly strong, ye know the toil of him who sings your praise, 9 O ye of true strength, make this thing manifest by your greatness − strike 10 Conceal the horrid darkness, drive far from us each devouring fiend. 2 When, Maruts, on the steeps ye pile the moving cloud, ye are like birds on whatsoever path it be. 3 Earth at their racings trembles as if weak and worn, when on their ways they yoke their cars for victory. 4 Self−moving is that youthful band, with spotted steeds; thus it hath lordly sway, endued with power and 5 We speak by our descent from our primeval Sire; our tongue, when we behold the Soma, stirs itself. 6 Splendours they gained for glory, they who wear bright rings; rays they obtained, and men to celebrate t

2 Maghavan, help thy worshipper: let him help thee. O Satakratu, drink Soma to make thee glad. 3 Thou aidest Gods with food, and that with might aidg thee, 4 Creator of the heaven, creator of the earth, O Satakratu, drink Soma to make thee glad. 5 Father of cattle, father of all steeds art thou. O Satakratu, drink Soma to make thee glad. 6 Stone−hurler, glorify the Atris' hymn of praise. O Satakratu, drink Soma to make thee glad. 7 Hear thou Syavagva while he pours to thee, as erst thou heardest Atri when he wrought his holy rites. 2 Thou mighty Conqueror of hostile armaments, O Indra, Lord of Strength, with all thy saving help. 3 Sole Ruler, thou art Sovran of this world of life, O Indra, Lord of Strength, with all thy saving help. 4 Thou only sunderest these two consistent worlds, O Indra, Lord of Strength, with all thy saving help. 5 Thou art the Lord supreme o'er rest and energy, O Indra, Lord of Strength, with all thy saving help. 6 Thou helpest one to power, and one thou hast not helped, O Indra, Lord of Strength, with all thy saving 7 Hear thou Syavasva while he sings to thee, as erst thou heardest Atri when he wrought his holy rites.

2 Supreme in sovran power, far−sighted, Chiefs and Kings, most swift to hear from far away, 3 The rapid messenger who runs before you, Mitra−Varuna, with iron head, swift to the draught, 4 He whom no man may question, none may summon back, who stands not still for colloquy,− 5 To Aryaman and Mitra sing a reverent song, O pious one, 6 The true, Red Treasure they have sent, one only Son born of the Three. 7 My songs are lifted up, and acts most splendid are to be performed. 8 Lords of great wealth, when we invoke your bounty which no demon checks, 9 Come, Vayu, drawn by fair hymns, to our sacrifice that reaches heaven. 10 He comes by straightest paths, as ministering Priest, to taste the sacrificial gifts. 11 Verily, Surya, thou art great; truly, Aditya, thou art great. 12 Yea, Surya, thou art great in fame thou evermore, O God, art great. 13 She yonder, bending lowly down, clothed in red hues and rich in rays, 14 Past and gone are three mortal generations: the fourth and last into the Sun hath entered. 15 The Rudras' Mother, Daughter of the Vasus, centre of nectar, the Adityas' Sister− 16 Weak−minded men have as a cow adopted me who came hither from the Gods, a Goddess,

2 And ye gave mighty Dadhikras, the giver of many gifts, who visiteth all people, 3 Whom, as 'twere down a precipice, swift rushing, each Puru praises and his heart rejoices,− 4 Who gaineth precious booty in the combats and moveth, winning spoil, among the cattle; 5 Loudly the folk cry after him in battles, as 'twere a thief who steals away a garment; 6 And, fain to come forth first amid these armies, this way and that with rows of cars he rushes, 7 And that strong Steed, victorious and faithful, obedient with his body in the combat, 8 And at his thunder, like the roar of heaven, those who attack tremble and are affrighted; 9 The people praise the overpowering swiftness of this fleet Steed who giveth men abundance. 10 Dadhikras hath o'erspread the Fivefold People with vigour, as the Sun lightens the waters. 2 I praise the mighty Steed who fills my spirit, the Stallion Dadhikravan rich in bounties, 3 Him who hath honoured, when the flame is kindled at break of dawn, the Courser Dadhikrivan, 4 When we remember mighty Dadhikravan our food and strength, then the blest name of Maruts, 5 Both sides invoke him as they call on Indra when they stir forth and turn to sacrificing. 6 So have I glorified with praise strong Dadhikravan, conquering Steed.

2 Thou wishest for thy kine a bull, for those who long for his approach, 3 The dappled kine who stream with milk prepare his draught of Soma juice: 4 Praise, even as he is known, with song Indra the guardian of the kine, 5 Hither his Bay Steeds have been sent, red Steeds are on the sacred grass,, 6 For Indra Thunder−armed the kine have yielded mingled milk and meath, 7 When I and Indra mount on high up to the Bright One's place and home, 8 Sing, sing ye forth your songs of praise, ye Briyamedhas, sing your songs: 9 Now loudly let the viol sound, the lute send out its voice with might, 10 When bither speed the dappled cows, unflinching, easy to be milked, 11 Indra hath drunk, Agni hath drunk. all Deities have drunk their fill. 12 Thou, Varuna, to whom belong Seven Rivers, art a glorious God. 13 He who hath made the fleet steeds spring, well−harnessed, to the worshipper, 14 Indra, the very Mighty, holds his enemies in utter scorn. 15 He, yet a boy exceeding small, mounted his newly−fashioned car. 16 Lord of the home, fair−helmeted, ascend thy chariot wrought of gold. 17 With reverence they come hitherward to him as to. a Sovran lord, 18 The Priyamedhas have observed the offering of the men of old,

1 FOR Jatavedas worthy of our praise will we frame with our mind this eulogy as 'twere a car. 2 The man for whom thou sacrificest prospereth, dwelleth without a foe, gaineth heroic might. 3 May we have power to kindle thee. Fulfil our thoughts. In thee the Gods eat the presented offering, 4 We will bring fuel and prepare burnt offerings, reminding thee at each successive festival. 5 His ministers move forth, the guardians of the folk, protecting quadruped and biped with their rays. 6 Thou art Presenter and the chief Invoker, thou Director, Purifier, great High Priest by birth. 7 Lovely of form art thou, alike on every side; though far, thou shinest brightly 8 Gods, foremost he his car who pours libations out, and let our hymn prevail o'er evil−hearted men. 9 Smite with thy weapons those of evil speech and thought, devouring demons, whether near or tar away. 10 When to thy chariot thou hadst yoked two red steeds and two ruddy steeds, wind−sped, thy roar was li 11 Then at thy roar the very birds are terrified, when, eating−up the grass, thy sparks fly forth abroad. 12 He hath the Power to soothe Mitra and Varuna: wonderful is the Maruts' wrath when they descend. 13 Thou art a God, thou art the wondrous Friend of Gods, the Vasu of the Vasus, fair in sacrifice. Under, t

2 With the most saving medicines which thou givest, Rudra, may I attain a hundred winters. 3 Chief of all born art thou in glory, Rudra, armed with the thunder, mightiest of the mighty. 4 Let us not anger thee with worship, Rudra, ill praise, Strong God! or mingled invocation. 5 May I with praise−songs win that Rudra's favour who is adored with gifts and invocations. 6 The Strong, begirt by Maruts, hath refreshed me, with most invigorating food, imploring. 7 Where is that gracious hand of thine, O Rudra, the hand that giveth health and bringeth comfort, 8 To him the strong, great, tawny, fair−complexioned, I utter forth a mighty hymn of praises. 9 With firm limbs, multiform, the strong, the tawny adorns himself with bright gold decorations: 10 Worthy, thou carriest thy bow and arrows, worthy, thy manyhued and honoured necklace. 11 Praise him the chariot−borne, the young, the famous, fierce, slaying like a dread beast of the forest. 12 I bend to thee as thou approachest, Rudra, even as a boy before the sire who greets him. 13 Of your pure medicines, O potent Martits, those that are wholesomest and healthbestowing, 14 May Rudra's missile turn aside and spare us, the great wrath of the impetuous One avoid us. 15 O tawny Bull, thus showing forth thy nature, as neither to be wroth, O God, nor slay us.

2 Tlou shalt be Aditi as thou hast entered within, appeaser of celestial anger. 3 We have drunk Soma and become immortal; we have attained the light, the Gods discovered. 4 Absorbed into the heart, be sweet, O Indu, as a kind father to his son, O Soma, 5 These glorious drops that give me freedom have I drunk. Closely they knit my joints as straps secure a c 6 Make me shine bright like fire produced by friction: give us a clearer sight and make us better. 7 May we enjoy with an enlivened spirit the juice thou givest, like ancestral riches. 8 King Soma, favour us and make us prosper: we are thy devotees; of this be mindful. 9 For thou hast settled in each joint, O Soma, aim of men's eyes and guardian of our bodies. 10 May I be with the Friend whose heart is tender, who, Lord of Bays! when quaffed will never harm me 11 Our maladies have lost their strength and vanished: they feared, and passed away into the darkness. 13 Associate with the Fathers thou, O Soma, hast spread thyself abroad through earth and heaven. 14 Give us your blessing, O ye Gods' preservers. Never may sleep or idle talk control us. 15 On all sides,. Soma, thou art our life−giver: aim of all eyes, light−finder, come within us.

2 Come, Asvins, with your car more swift than is the twinkling of an eye 3 Asvins, ye overlaid with cold the fiery pit for Atri's sake: 4 Where are ye? whither are ye gone? whither, like falcons, have ye flown? 5 If ye at any time this day are listening to this my call, 6 The Asvins, fust to hear our prayer, for closest kinship I approach: 7 For Atri ye, O Asvins, made a dwellingplace to shield him well, 8 Ye warded off the fervent heat for Atri when he sweetly spake: 9 Erst Saptavadbri by his prayer obtained the trenchant edge of fire: 10 Come hither, O ye Lords of wealth, and listen to this call of mine: 11 What is this praise told forth of you as Elders in the ancient way? 12 One common brotherhood is yours, Asvins your kindred is the same: 13 This is your chariot, Asvins, which speeds through the regions, earth and heaven 14 Approach ye hitherward to us with thousands both of steeds and kine: 15 Pass us not by, remember us with thousands both of kine aud steeds: 16 The purple−tinted Dawn hath risen, and true to Law hath made the light 17 He looked upon the Asvins, as an axearmed man upon a tree: 18 By the black band encompassed round, break it down, bold one, like a fort.

1 WHO now is he, what God among Immortals, of whose auspicious name we may bethink us? 2 Agni the God the first among the Immortals, − of his auspicious name let us bethink us. 3 To thee, O Savitar, the Lord of precious things, who helpest us 4 Wealth, highly lauded ere reproach hath fallen on it, which is laid, 5 Through thy protection may we come to even the height of affluence 6 Ne'er have those birds that fly through air attained to thy high dominion or thy might or spirit; 7 Varuna, King, of hallowed might, sustaineth erect the Tree's stem in the baseless region. 8 King Varuna hath made a spacious pathway, a pathway for the Sun wherein to travel. 9 A hundred balms are thine, O King, a thousand; deep and wide−reaching also be thy favours. 10 Whither by day depart the constellations that shine at night, set high in heaven above us? 11 I ask this of thee with my prayer adoring; thy worshipper craves this with his oblation. 12 Nightly and daily this one thing they tell me, this too the thought of mine own heart repeateth. 13 Bound to three pillars captured Sunahsepa thus to the Aditya made his supplication. 14 With bending down, oblations, sacrifices, O Varuna, we deprecate thine anger: 15 Loosen the bonds, O Varuna, that hold me, loosen the bonds above, between, and under.

2 Shining to him who leaves heaven's regions undisturbed, which to his sheen who is beneath show fair in 3 Truth waits upon oblation present and to come: naught checks him in his way, this vic tory− bringing 4 These come, well−yoked, to you for furtherance in the rite: down come the twinborn strengtheners of L 5 Thou, moving beauteously in visibly pregnant ones, snatching with trees the branching plant that grasps 6 Like as he is beheld such is he said to be. 7 Surya the Sage, as if unwedded, with a Spouse, in battle−loving spirit moveth o'er the foes. 8 Thy name, sung forth by Rsis in these hymns of ours, goes to the loftier One with this swift mover's ligh 9 The chief and best of these abideth in the sea, nor doth libation fail wherein it is prolonged. 10 For it is he: with though to of Ksatra, Manasa, of Yajata, and Sadhri, and Evavada, 11 The Hawk is their full source, girth−stretching rapturous drink of Visvavara, of Mayin, and Yajata. 12 Sadaprna the holy, Tarya, Srutavit, and Bahuvrkta, joined with you, have slain the foes. 13 The worshipper's defender is Sutambhara, producer and uplifter of all holy thoughts. 11 The sacred hymns love him who wakes and watches: to him who watches come the Sama verses. 15 Agni is watchful, and the gcas love him; Agni is watchful, Sama verses seek him.

19 Agni, the Bharata, hath been sought, the Vrtra−slayer, marked of all, 20 For he gave riches that surpass in greatness all the things of earth, 21 Thou, Agni, as in days of old, with recent glory, gathered light, 22 Bring to your Agni, O my friends, boldly your laud and sacrifice: 23 For as sagacious Herald he hath sat through every age of man, 24 Bring those Two Kings whose ways are pure, Adityas, and the Marut host, 25 For strong and active mortal man, excellent, Agni, is the look Of thee Immortal, Son of Strength 26 Rich through his wisdom, noblest be the giver serving thee to−day: 27 These, Agni, these are helped by thee, who strong and active all their lives, 28 May Agni with his pointed blaze cast down each fierce devouring fiend 29 O active Jatavedas, bring riches with store of hero sons: 30 Keep us, O Jatavedas, from the troubling of the man of sin: 31 Whatever sinner, Agni, brings oblations to procure our death, 32 Drive from us with thy tongue, O God, the man who doeth evil deeds, 33 Give shelter reaching far and wide to Bharadvaja, conquering Lord! 34 May Agni slay the Vrtras,−fain for riches, through the lord of song, 35 His Father's Father, shining in his Mother's everlasting side, 36 O active Jatavedas, bring devotion that wins progeny, Agni, that it may shine to heaven.